It provides a measure of how efficiently RF power is transmitted from a power source, through a transmission line, to a load such as an antenna. 0 is the minimum. 05 + 1. 5-1-0. 224 X=-14. It also shows the percentage of forward to reflected power. R/F Calculators and Conversion Tools VSWR / Return Loss Calculator Find VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), Return Loss, Mismatch Loss, and the Reflection Coefficient given any one of the listed input types. Pasternack's TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic Mode) Wavelength Calculator allows you to determine the wavelength (in millimeters) inside a rectangular waveguide given the frequency and dielectric constant (or VoP) of the input signal. Determine how to calculate the effect of VSWR on Return Loss. This impedance mismatch can be with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load. 93 dB. The field calculator is a very powerful but frequently The following pages contain calculator routines, or “recipes”, for use within the Field Calculator misunderstood and underutilized tool within the 3D “Fields” Post-Processor. 1. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. (also called insertion loss). Measured forward power vs. These are the standard set of equations for converting between VSWR, return loss, and reflection coefficient (Γ). If a complex plane is used with resistance along the real axis then the reactances of the capacitor and inductor are treated as imaginary numbers. VSWR. The return loss at that point has degraded by approximately 5 dB. These reflections are very undesirable when we aim to transfer power from one. Mismatch Loss (dB). The ratio of a sinusoidal signal reflected back from the load to the incident signal is called return loss. com . VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) = [1+Sqrt (Pr / Pf)] / [1-Sqrt (Pr / Pf)] Pf = Forward Power (Watts); Pr = Reflected Power. Calculate! Where do these calculations come from? Well, start with the formula for VSWR: If we invert this formula, we can calculate the reflection coefficient (, or the return loss. Using our 1 foot equals one nanosecond rule of thumb, let's calculate the 0. Unwrapped phase and reference plane extensions. 1) (2. Conversion Formulas. To help the engineers conducting VSWR sweeps, Lou developed the PIM and. Pi Attenuator Calculator. (1) ea Flex Assy - 1. High VSWR values indicate less efficient power transmission and can. 특히 Return loss와 VSWR의 대략적 값의 관계정도는 암기해두는게 편리할 때가 많다. 695. The term ‘forward power is synonymous with powered deliver to the load, or thru power. This calculator uses the following formulas for converting the values between the VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss. Mismatch Loss: Reflected Power Through Power (dB) Coefficient,VSWR is defined as the maximum voltage of the standing wave (E max) to the minimum voltage of the standing wave (E min ). I have already calculated the cascaded VSWR and RL using the RSS method (very similar result to simply multiplying each components VSWR as Itay mentioned), but the problem is that the result is not even close to the measured value of return loss. 1 Return Loss. To use this calculator, enter one of the following data: the voltage standing waves ratio VSWR, the return loss RL, the reflection coefficient ρ, the power ratio ρ 2, the forward and reflected power P fwd and P ref; or the impedances Z c and Z l. The return loss and VSWR measurements are key measurements for anyone making cable and antenna measurements in the field. The following equation is especially useful when using a directional power meter. Voltage is the pressure from an electrical circuit's power source. Low-pass lumped element filters. Convert S11 to return loss; Compute Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) from Return Loss; References [1] Return Loss on Wikipedia The formula for insertion loss in decibels (dB) is: Insertion Loss (dB) = 10 * log10 (Pin / Pout) Where: Pin is the input power or signal level. e. Free Space Path Loss Calculator Calculate the loss for a given distance at an RF frequency Enter distance in km and frequency in either MHz or GHz. e. voltage standing wave ratio 020710. In contrast to Return Loss, VSWR displays the match of the system linearly. Here's the unwrapped phase of S21:by Eamon Nash Download PDF. 34:1 or a return loss of 16. In one typical RF application, VSWR is used to measure the amount of reflection due to impedance mismatch. Consumers; Contact Us;A network analyzer can be used to make S parameter measurements. Reflection Calculator. 44 . vswr-rl変換する計算ツールです。 イノベーションtop; 研究開発の実績; 博士の電波講座; アンテナ作りのこだわりVSWR Calculator. 7. Convert the load VSWR to load return loss per the following equation: RL Improved = 2*Attenuator + RL Load [dB] (where RL=Return Loss) Of course, the method can be reversed to predict the attenuator required to improve a load VSWR by a predetermined amount. This is equivalent to VSWR 5. Return Loss is similar to VSWR and is generally preferred in the cable industry to a VSWR specification. This can be built into a FLEXI-BOX and a transmission line PCB is. For this type application, Simple slope and offset correction coefficients for the RL measurement are. The result is an antenna VSWR or return loss measurement corrected for cable loss. The VSWR is an important measure of the quality of a radio antenna system. 54dB. How to Use? Using the VSWR to RL Calculator involves the following steps: Enter. 64/100) = ±0. 5. This online reflection coefficient to VSWR calculator calculates the VSWR by entering the reflection efficient Γ (= value between 0 & 1). By definition currents going into the n-port are counted positively and currents flowing out of the n-port negatively. Noise Conversion Calculator. 5:1 VSWR that appears on. 19. Figure 2: VSWR Measurement Principle The return loss at the input and output ports can be calculated from the respective reflection coefficients as follows: Input return loss (RL IN) is a scalar measure of how close the actual input impedance of the network is to theThen computing VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) is easy:. 54dB. This general RF calculator provides path loss, VSWR and wavelength as well as conversions between many common. VSWR. Forward Power (dBm)Skin depth calculator Stripline Impedance calculator Smith charts VSWR/Return loss converter Wavelength calculator Wilkinson splitter designer. November 2023. The lower the VSWR is, the better the antenna is impedance-matched to the transmission line and the higher the power delivered to the antenna. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Select the FREQ-RETURN LOSS using the Up/Down arrow key and press ENTER. 16-Feb-2022. VSWR is a measure of the reflected power on a transmission line. 25mW. Measured forward power vs. Pi Attenuator Calculator. e. In industry, VSWR is sometimes pronounced "viz-wer". This calculator computes the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission line. 045 foot x 12 inches/foot x 1000 mils/inch=540 mils. A perfect match would be 1:1, meaning that the peak amplitude of the signal is always the same (i. Figure 14. 4. VSWR / Return Loss Calculator; IRA Calculator; Wavelength (TEM) Calculator; Link Budget Calculator . Fill in the input field and select the input type and click the "calculate" button to show the values. Convert the load VSWR to load return loss per the following equation: RL Improved = 2*Attenuator + RL Load [dB] (where RL=Return Loss) Of course, the method can be reversed to predict the attenuator required to improve a load VSWR by a predetermined amount. This is the only way to calculate the total impedance of a circuit in parallel that includes both resistance and reactance. Πώς να χρησιμοποιήσει; Η χρήση του υπολογιστή vswr σε rl περιλαμβάνει τα ακόλουθα βήματα:Descriptions of IL and RL with examples of how the measurements relate to the ratio of Pout to Pin, and Preflected to PinIn fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. The Smith Chart graphically maps S11=reflection coefficient= (ZL-Z0)/ (ZL+Z0) to Load Impedance (ZL), normalized to Z0 (source impedance = center of chart). There are two S-parameters of interest. It's assumed that the source impedance is also complex. Polar or rectangular grids only allow direct reading of S11. (also called insertion loss). 8. This is an online conversion tool for converting between VSWR, return loss and reflection coefficient, which are different ways to express how well a load is matched to a source. Usually this is the threshold when most devices are considered. 155 dB. dBm to Milli Watts Calculator. 3. 405 inch. Using complex impedance is an important technique for handling multi-component AC circuits. You can use our VSWR calculator to see that 1. VSWR ( VSWR meaning Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is an important concept in radio frequency (RF) engineering. The VSWR value range from 1. 0 is the minimum. Measurement and control of gain and reflected power in wireless transmitters are critical auxiliary functions that are often overlooked. 009. 1) VSWR Calculation. p65 Author: barbara Created Date: 5/6/2003 8:50:18 AMThe voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at a port, represented by the lower case 's', is a similar measure of port match to return loss but is a scalar linear quantity, the ratio of the standing wave maximum voltage to the standing wave minimum voltage. transmitter) with the load (i. October 20, 2022. This is an online calculator that calculates Return Loss based on VSWR. 98 dB is equal to the equaivalent return loss of 1. Load serial resistance and reactance ohm. The VSWR/return loss calculator from Pasternack will find VSWR, return Loss, mismatch loss, and the reflection coefficient given any one of the listed input types. VSWR is the ratio of voltage applied. The return loss of a system is defined as the ratio of incident power to reflected power and is measured in dB. If we measure the power of a reflected signal from an antenna near a radio transmitter, the measurement of the reflected signal’s amplitude at this juncture compared to the initially transmitted. Understand the applications for the equation of VSWR on return loss in electronics. In some cases, users require a custom impedance value. The main cause of the mismatch is the deviation in the con-Resonant Frequency Calculator. 5:1 VSWR is equivalent to -13. Follow the discussion. 98 dB return loss. VSWR specs (specifications) are introduced, along with formulas for mismatch loss and return loss in relationship to VSWR. Moreover, return loss is the relationship between both the reflection coefficient (Γ) and the. The return loss at the input and output ports can be calculated from the reflection coefficient, S 11 or S 22, as follows: RL IN = 20log10|S 11 | dB. To do so, calculate the desired return loss and subtract the known load return. The calculated value is MUCH worse. DASAR TEORI. g. , an), the wavestravelling away from the n-port are b = (b1, b2,. Let’s start by looking at a 2-port device illustrated in Figure 1. Formula Voltage standing wave ratio is equals to one plus toue (Γ) is reciprocal of one minus toue (Γ) Toue (Γ) is equals to Voltage standing wave ratio minus one reciprocal of. A low VSWR will minimize reflections from the antenna. As an added bonus, the results are modifiable and can calculate the other values. Complex Impedance for RL and RC. The load can be an antenna, filter or other equipment connected to a transmission line. The calculator converts between return-loss, VSWR, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss. WhatsApp. reflection coefficient definition. 30 MB. Clear. 1) Enter the required input and output impedance and the required attenuation then press "Calculate" below to obtain the Ideal. VSWR / Return Loss Calculator. 98 dB is equal to the equaivalent return loss of 1. Electric fieldrms 5 conductivity 1 mass density 13E03 13 x 10 3. Two years ago, one of our most respected RF experts, Lou Meyer, wrote a blog post describing the technicalities of return loss and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and how the multiple components at a cell site tower make the calculations more complex. VSWR Calculator. This tool calculates the S11 from the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, 'impedance', reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a T attenuator. flectioncoefficientΓ,voltagestandingwaveratio(VSWR) and return loss (RL) and these quantities are interre-lated. 5 dB, (or a VSWR of 1. Frequency GHz MHz: Distance:Return Loss is basically ratio between Incident power (Pi) on load to Reflected power (Pr) back to source. Please Support RF Cafe by purchasing my ridiculously low−priced products, all of which I created. For example, an antenna with a VSWR of 2:1 would have a reflection coefficient of 0. comThere are many antenna parameters out there. 5 1 1. By entering the values given above into the VSWR calculator, we see that the probable assembly-chain VSWR of: 1. 09 = 1. At 100 MHz, the loss is 0. 0001, J2)". Matching Pi Attenuator Calculator. 13 24. 12] = 6 dB. At 1000 MHz, the S11 (dB) = -RL (dB) = -15 dB. This bounce back reflection is called “return”. In some systems this is not a trivial amount and points to the need for components with low VSWR. 5:1 is considered ideal in the RF field, and a VSWR of 2:1 is marginally acceptable for more critical loss systems for low-power applications. 5:1 정도로써 입력매칭이 거의 완전하게. VSWR and Return Loss RF Calculator. 0 indicates about 75% of the power is delivered to the antenna (1. ZoVSWR / Return Loss Calculator. A SWR can be also defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude to. Example 1:. Return Loss. This is actually a general way to express impedance, but it requires an understanding of complex numbers. Return Loss (dB) 3. Calculate the VSWR to 1 decimal place. Because the reflection coefficient Γ < 1, then the return loss will have a positive dB value. The calculator can also be used to find the value of VSWR using any of the other values. Where, RL = Return loss in dB. How to Use? Using the VSWR to RL Calculator involves the following steps: Enter VSWR Value: Input the VSWR value that you want to convert into RL. 299 0. 5:1 VSWR is equivalent to -13. be used to add or subtract an arbitrary number of power, to convert power and voltage units from the linear to the logarithmic. Calculate return loss, reflection attenuation from a VSWR level. Return Loss. 9913 and LMR-400 are popular “low-loss” RG-8 types. This collection of RF and Power Management design tools reflects Qorvo's commitment to the engineering community. Subscribe to receive Mini-Circuits News. VSWR/Return Loss Calculator will find VSWR, Return Loss, Mismatch Loss, and the Reflection Coefficient given any one of the listed input types. 5 0 0. Any other value indicates that a portion of the energy is reflected. S21 is the transmission coefficient of Port 2. Upon arriving back at the source, part of the reflected wave. The component is said to have a loss of 25 dB. Enter VSWR (a value greater than or equal to 1) S11 to VSWR Formula S11 = (VSWR-1)/ (VSWR+1) S11 (dB) = 20*Log10 (S11) The input reflection coefficient, S11 < 1 Example Calculation For a VSWR of 1. The Reflection Coefficient can be calculated from return loss by using the following formula. 09 = 1. Forward Power Watts ? Reflected Power Watts ? VSWR → RL (Return Loss). This application note supplies a free of charge software tool that can e. 특히 Return loss와 VSWR의 대략적 값의 관계정도는 암기해두는게 편리할 때가 많다. Clear. vswr-rl変換する計算ツールです。 イノベーションtop; 研究開発の実績; 博士の電波講座; アンテナ作りのこだわりMatchCalc™ RF Design Calculator. T Attenuator Calculator. offices email call. The calculator converts between return-loss, VSWR, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss. To convert from VSWR to Return Loss, find the VSWR value in the left column. Note that in general S-parameters are a function of frequency (i. Calculates the absolute load impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, return loss and mismatch loss of a load. Despite Equation [Math Processing Error] 10. There is also a selection of suitable RF. Application Note File. Example Problem Find the SWR of the transmission line or wave guide whose load or. 000:Return Loss (RL) and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) are related through a mathematical relationship. Note: If you select a waveguide size from the dropdown below, the broad wall width will be automatically calculated along with the other results. This calculator allows you to calculate the input impedance of a transmission line, as well as the VSWR, return loss, and mismatch loss at the input point. VSWR. Step 2. 98 dB. Specifically, return loss is related to the reflection coefficient (Γ) as follows: Return Loss (dB) = -20 log10|Γ|. In an RF system, when power is sent from the source to load, there are three main parameters to be considered: (1) incident power; (2) reflected power; and (3) power absorbed by the load. Coaxial Cable Impedance Calculator. (3) ea 90°E-Bend - 1. Suitable for higher power (~1800 watts) at HF. Given a certain level of heat generation within an assembly, thermal dissipation occurs through three primary mechanisms. The formula and equations used by this calculator are also provided. 091) (0. See the relationship between VSWR and return loss. You can use our VSWR calculator to see that 1. Qorvo MatchCalc is a downloadable RF matching calculator designed to provide ideal component values for matching the impedance of a S1P or S2P file to a desired system or reference impedance. The load ZL imposes an additional constraint on the relationship of the total voltage and current at z = 0: VL IL = V(z = 0) I(z = 0) = ZL. VSWR Calculator: This is the ratio of maximum voltage to minimum voltage in standing wave pattern. Antenna). Pasternack's VSWR/Return Loss Calculator finds VSWR, Return Loss, Mismatch Loss, and the Reflection Coefficient given any one of the listed input types. Enter. A similar version of this article appeared in the October 2012 issue of Power Systems Design magazine. The flexible types (9913F and LMR-400UF) are preferred, particularly for rotatable antennas. The reader is encouraged to do this with the full impedance Smith chart as shown in Figure 3. In this case, you may also need to calculate localized heating due to a current standing wave. USA CHINA MALAYSIA INDIA ISRAEL UNITED KINGDOM. LC Impedance matching network designer Enter the input and output impedances to be matched and the centre frequency. VSWR Calculator. 40) a common limit for sweeps with an antenna at the far end. Interactive Tools & Calculators. reflection coefficient definition. 707. Reflection Coef. When an ideal match is not encountered by the incident (forward) wave, part of it is coupled to the load and part is reflected back to the source. Skin Depth Calculator. It varies from 1 to (plus) infinity. 54 dB (11% of your transmitter power is reflected back). 098Ω resistor in parallel with a 306. VSWR Return Loss Calculator Find VSWR. Click here for VSWR to RL CalculatorReturn Loss to VSWR Reference/Conversion Table. com +1 (718) 934 4500 +1 (800) 654 7949. This VSWR calculator will calculate return loss, mismatch loss, loss in percentage and the reflection coefficient. The term ‘forward power is synonymous with powered deliver to the load, or thru power. long or about 1. These measurements show the user the match of the system. The wave 1 going into the n-port at port 1 is derived from the a voltage wave going into a. This VSWR calculator allows you to calculate the reflection coefficient, reflected power, and mismatch loss for a given value of VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio). The following formula relates the return loss and VSWR. 5:1 VSWR that appears on. 41:1 with a return loss of 15. coefficient of Port 1 (also called return loss), and. Use the S11 value in the calculator above to find the equivalent VSWR. 200mW. Return loss is when the transmitted signal is not completely. When an ideal match is not encountered by the incident (forward) wave, part of it is coupled to the load and part is reflected back to the source. Step 3. This can be achieved by regulating the inner and outer diameter of the coaxial cable, along with the. 211 0. There are two S-parameters of interest. VSWR Return Loss Calculator. 7145 VSWR 6 Directivit y of directiona l coupler 23 dB 0. This trace would typically be accepted as good. Note: VSWR values were used to calculate the other two related values (rounded to 3 significant places). e. 405 inch. If a complex plane is used with resistance along the real axis then the reactances of the capacitor and inductor are treated as imaginary numbers. On the other hand, you calculate VSWR by using the maximum and minimum voltage levels of the standing wave pattern on a transmission line. Return Loss (RL) = 10 * log(Pr/Pi) Return Loss (RL) in dB = -20* log(Γ) Lesser value of return loss indicates higher impedance matching and vice versa. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is the measure of how efficiently RF power is transmitted and is expressed as a ratio of the maximum to minimum. 5 VSWR = Vmax Vmin ≥ 1 VSWR = 1 ∣ 0∣ 1−∣ 0∣ Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR = Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (sometimes just called SWR)Figure 13. 4. VRMSF and VRMSR are measured and the return loss is back calculated. YourR is the symbol for return loss, which as previously discussed is the ratio, in decibels, of incident power P incident to reflected power P reflected, or incident voltage to reflected voltage, described in the following two formulas. dl. Wire over Ground Calculator. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. 7. 155 dB. 1 3. It is often expressed in terms of a percentage, or in dB. 64% or ±10 x log10 (103. The table below converts between VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, mismatch loss, reflected power and through power. VSWR to Return Loss Formula VSWR = (1 + 10-RL/20)/ (1 - 10-RL/20) Example Calculation A Return. Calculate VSWR from Forward and Reverse Power. VSWR is defined as the ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage in standing wave pattern along the length of a transmission line structure. Radio Frequency Engineering Calculator. 1 Return Loss. In industry, VSWR is sometimes pronounced "viz-wer". The graph below shows input return loss for an amplifier. 51 dB, and a return loss of 9. The ideal condition, whereYou can assume power dissipation to be uniform, provided the assembly does not operate in high VSWR/return-loss conditions. , thereby assisting engineers to detect system problems and avoid costly, time-consuming system failures. Return Loss Vs. Visit Fairview Microwave's RF coaxial attenuators page for product details. The corresponding value in the right column is the return loss value. Reflection -3dB: half of the RF energy is being reflected, and thus half of the energy is being received by the device. These parameters are often applied to antennas, RF filters and RF amplifiers such as LNA s and PA s. 3. Formulas used: s r r. Unwrapped phase and reference plane extensions. A 2-port device has two distinctly interesting. This tutorial defines VSWR and explains how it is calculated. This is because the parasitics of lumped elements tend to kill the frequency response as you go higher in frequency. com . 예를 들어 Return loss가 10dB 정도라면, VSWR은 2:1 이하가 되어서 입력매칭이 비교적 잘된 경우로 평가하며, Return loss가 14 dB 정도가 되면 VSWR은 1. A power sensor with a return loss of –23 dB is connected to a calibration source with a return loss of –20 dB. 예를 들어 Return loss가 10dB 정도라면, VSWR은 2:1 이하가 되어서 입력매칭이 비교적 잘된 경우로 평가하며, Return loss가 14 dB 정도가 되면 VSWR은 1. Result. There is a resistive axis that is down the middle of the chart,In no event will Qorvo be liable to any user of these tools for any loss or damages, including without limitation, indirect or consequential damages arising out of or associated with the use of these tools. 985 dB ==> 1. Return loss can be measured by using microwave and RF test equipment such as a signal generator, directional coupler along with a spectrum analyser or power meter, or alternatively by using a. 4569. VSWR = Voltage standing wave ratio. dl. Matching Pi Attenuator Calculator. The VSWR is a measure of the efficiency of a transmission line and is used to determine how well the line is matched to the impedance of the. You can access the RF Path Calculator at the Calculators page of our website. Forward Power vs Return Loss Calculator RF calculators and converters. Advanced Control Components Inc HUBER+SUHNER AG Wellshow Technology Omega Electronics : Most Viewed Articles 6-26. 43. is of particular concern in the implementation of Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T) The value of impedances at the ends of the link must be equal to the characteristic impedance of the link. 5:1 is considered ideal in the RF field, and a VSWR of 2:1 is marginally acceptable for more critical loss systems for low-power applications. If VSWR is known, then the reflection coefficient (Γ), return loss (RL), and mismatch loss (ML) is calculated by using following formulas. These are considered to be standardized impedance values with cables readily available. 3 800–960 MHz 1. The calculator is a spreadsheet that accepts VSWR specifications for all the components in your RF Path—tower mounted amplifiers, diplexers, bias tees, etc. Here's a simple VSWR calculator. Here's the unwrapped phase of S21:by Eamon Nash Download PDF. Measure S11 across the desired frequency range. It measures how much energy is reflected back to the transmitter when a signal is transmitted through an antenna. The Tee attenuator (T-pad) is a specific type of attenuator circuit which resembles the shape of the letter "T". 12 VSWR max. Cable and antenna analyzers allow operators to measure return loss/VSWR, cable loss, distance-to-fault (DTF) measurements, reflection measurement, antenna isolation measurement, impedance, etc. Step 4. But, for a practical system, there will be a small impedance. Both decimal point and comma are ok. 8. Measuring Insertion Loss using RETURN LOSS MODE. The ratio of the input to the reflected signal is called the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). Since directivity is a ratio of power densities, it is unitless. In order to get the best power transfer from a source to a load, the source impedance must equal the complex conjugate of the load impedance: Rs + jXs =RL −. Introduction to VSWR. 2. Return Loss to VSWR Calculator. Understanding those basic parameters. This VSWR calculator will calculate return loss, mismatch loss, loss in percentage and the reflection coefficient. VSWR/Return Loss Frequency Band VSWR Return Loss (dB) 680–800 MHz 1. Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, 'impedance', reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a Pi attenuator. 0. VSWR to Return Loss Conversion Table. On the other hand, you calculate VSWR by using the maximum and minimum voltage levels of the standing wave pattern on a transmission line. It measures how much of the signal sent from the antenna is reflected back to the source. LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) return loss Vs. complimentary copy of the "RF Calculator" at .